Green burial has received more attention in the media in recent years as an innovative way to care both for our loved ones and the earth, but green burial is not a new concept. Caring for a loved one’s body and interring their remains naturally was the standard practice in the United States until 100-150 years ago, and natural burial is still the most accepted, common practice in nations across our globe.
Cultural changes in the late 1800s led to the prevalence of formal cemeteries and body preservation practices here in the United States. These factors stemmed from historic shifts during the Civil War and Industrial Revolution.
EARLY 1800’S
American cemeteries during the 19th Century’s Industrial Revolution were valued as rural park space for increasingly urban residents. The rural cemetery park movement borrowed from pastoral English landscape traditions and provided a key service for American families since most US cities did not have organized park systems or botanic gardens. Cemeteries with open landscapes and widely spaced trees allowed for picnics, carriage rides, and casual walks.
During this time, increasing levels of casket ornamentation and grave monumentation also took place as funeral directing became a more established profession that provided a greater array of goods and services.
Early funerals in the United States had been led by families, including a viewing held in the family’s parlor before a simple burial on family or church land. With the advent of funeral homes and formal cemeteries, wealthier families were able to host services outside their homes at funeral parlors, initiating the shift from labeling the home’s front room as the “parlor” to the “living room.”
MID TO LATE 1800’S
The casualties during the Civil War took a vast toll on our nation. Many soldiers died in battle far from their families and homes. The development of embalming became a mainstay in our nation’s funeral practices after President Abraham Lincoln encouraged embalmers to follow behind battles where they would then preserve soldiers’ bodies so that the bodies could then make the long journey home for a viewing and burial.
When President Lincoln was assassinated tragically, his own body was also embalmed and then taken by train across the nation for large-scale viewings before his own interment in Illinois.
Embalming then became the favored cultural practice, largely unique to our nation, to show deference and “proper” care for the body.
LATE 1900’S
The current green burial movement emphasizes a return to simple, natural body care and protection of our nation’s habitats.
The first conservation cemetery in the United States was Ramsey Creek Preserve, established in 1998 by Dr. William and Kimberley Campbell in Westminster, South Carolina. Ramsey Creek became an important site for researching and establishing standards for future green cemeteries. In 2005, the Green Burial Council was founded to oversee certification standards within the growing green burial movement, and Ramsey Creek became the first certified Conservation Burial Ground.
Early leaders brought together experts from the fields of sustainable design, restoration ecology, conservation management, law, and consumer affairs to establish standards and foster the creation of new green burial grounds.
TODAY
Today, the Green Burial Council has grown to become the standard-bearer and lead steward of the green burial movement, ensuring that end-of-life practices further environmental protection in all the ways we care for our departed.